Time-Varying Impact of Economic Growth on Carbon Emission in BRICS Countries: New Evidence From Wavelet Analysis

Carbon emission leads to environmental and social consequences, which could be severe in the emerging economies. Owing dilemma of economic expansion, it is necessary achieve a more comprehensive understanding dynamic relationship between growth carbon emission. Multivariate Wavelet analysis introduced addition decoupling for BRICS countries. The detects an obvious trend from China, generates mixed results other Estimates wavelet coherency suggest that countries have experienced different kinds structural changes growth–emission nexus. Results partial phase-difference gain imply resource endowments paths lead varied impact on time-varying characteristics causality over frequencies. Energy structure trade openness matter anatomizing this relationship. To succeed fight against climate change, policy makers need pay serious attention growth, energy structure,